Satellite

The Aqua (EOS PM-1) and Terra (EOS AM-1) satellites were propelled by NASA in 2002 and 1999 separately, and every one of them contains the MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor. These satellites structure a part of the Earth’s Observing System, or NASA EOS, and work simultaneously around the sun while circling close to the shafts of the earth. Modern, the five-year life expectancy Aqua and Terra MODIS sensors get top notch data.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Satellite-Based Remote Sensing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Specifically, the MODIS sensor was built to aid worldwide barometrical research, that is, both in the sea and ashore. With a survey area of around 2 330 kilometers, the satellites have the capacity of making total cycles in under two days. While the Aqua satellite goes from south to north around 1:30 p.m., the Terra satellite moves the other way about 10:30 a.m. neighborhood time (Esaias, 19 98, p. 1255). As needs be, the two satellites get information in more than 36 otherworldly groups. The MODIS remote sensor items change from land, cryosphere, adjustment, seas, and to the climate. Once more, the instrument has goals of 250m, 500m and 1000m. Also, the vast majority of the MODIS items and sea shading groups look like the SeaWiFS, which have a 1000m goals size. There are different sorts of sea shading coded channels and their applications as appeared in the table beneath (Morel, 1977, p. 720). Essential Application Band Bandwidth (nm) Central Wavelength (nm) Pixel size (nm) Ozone 8 405 †420 411.3 1000 Cloud top 9 438 †448 442.0 1000 Water fume 10 483 †493 486.9 1000 Cloud 11 526 †536 529.6 1000 Biogeochemistry 12 546 †556 546.8 1000 Water fume 13 662 †672 665.5 1000 Ozone 14 673 †683 676.8 1000 Cloud top 15 743 †753 746.4 1000 Altitude 16 862 †877 886.2 1000 Moreover, MODIS sensors have a few quality water applications. One such application was done in Lake Flathead, Montana. As to the general highlights of the lake, it is 113m profound, covers an absolute zone of 480 km2, and is among the biggest normally happening freshwater lakes right now. Be that as it may, this oligotrophic lake experienced rising eutrophication forms in 1977 and 2001. What's more, it encountered two macroalgae lakewide sprouts that fundamentally decreased its water quality because of anthropogenic supplement input. Subsequently, when it was overviewed during 2004 and 2005, the outcomes uncovered a temperature go that was somewhere in the range of 8.3 and 22.60C, Secchi profundities somewhere in the range of 1.5 and 17 m, and chlorophyll-a levels between 0.1 to 0.9 mg/m3 (Clark et al., 1970, p. 1120). From that point forward, the specialists utilized transmissometers and fluorometers to acquire different profundities of the lake at various spans. Likewise, efficiency markers, for example, chlorophyll substance and turbidity fixat ions were resolved utilizing a medium goals MODIS sensor. Besides, water quality boundaries were recovered from the sensor by use of the Single Correlated Scattering Radiance and the Atmospherically Corrected Reflectance draws near. Results showed that the most elevated level of turbidity and chlorophyll content happened at the thermocline and at a profundity of about 20m.Advertising Looking for coursework on ecological investigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Again, the specialists inferred that Single Correlated Scattering Radiance was a superior methodology since it gave dependable and believable information. In any case, it was noticed that both of the two methodologies could be utilized at various seasons since there was co-change of boundaries. The analysts reasoned that issues were introduced when a particular reliable calculation was utilized. To decide whether the sensor had the option to assess water quality v ariances, the scientists detailed a day by day Two Time Complete Series approach. From the outcomes, the sensor distinguished contributions from stream releases and particulate statements from the air at week after week or month to month premise. Having acquired this data, the analysts presumed that the MODIS remote sensor had the option to screen the nature of water in Lake Flathead (Reza, 2008, p. 801). Then again, the beach front zones of the United Arab Emirates regularly experience oil slicks, and this presents genuine natural concerns. Such fiasco frequently intensifies once appropriate checking components are not instituted. Luckily, the MODIS remote sensor can ensure most extreme observation whenever put into utilization and appropriately oversaw. During its application, key obligations of the MODIS remote sensor incorporate identifying and assessing the measure of oil spillage. To segregate oil slicks, a 250m spatial goals of the MODIS sensor is set since oil slicks include a little surface zone. To enable the examiner to recognize surface water marvels from objects like boats, it is critical to upgrade information differentiate by making a few changes on the 250m bands2 of the sensor (Li et al., 2003, p.559). Once more, to guarantee that the locale of intrigue empowers the scientist to decide both the most extreme and least qualities with respect to the region of oil spillage, shadows coming about because of oil are rejected since they may give a bogus impression of oil (Fingas, 2000, p.25). In the Republic of South Africa, a comparable utilization of the sensor was effectively done, and the accompanying figure speaking to oil spillage under daylight was then produced in 25th May, 2005. Reference List Clark, G. L., Ewing, G. C., Lorenzen, C. J. (1970). Spectra of backscattered light from the ocean got from airplane as a proportion of chlorophyll fixation. Science, 167, 1119-1121.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Satellite-Based Remote Sensing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Esaias, W. E. (1998). A diagram of MODIS abilities for sea science perceptions. IEEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing, 36, 1250-1265. Fingas, M. (2000). Oil slick remote detecting. Ocean Technol., 41, 21-26. Li, R., Kaufman, Y. J., Gao, B. (2003). Remote detecting of suspended silt and shallow seaside waters. IEEE Trans. Geosc. Remote Sens., 41, 559. Morel, A., Prieur, L. (1977). Examination of varieties in sea shading. Limnol Oceanogr, 22, 709-722. Reza, M. (2008). Appraisal of Suspended Sediments Concentration in Surface Waters Using MODIS Images. Am. J. Appl. Sc., 5, 798-804. This coursework on Satellite-Based Remote Sensing was composed and put together by client Jayden E. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Ethics and Moral reasoning Essay

Confronting Life While Fighting For an End All of us will gaze intently at the substance of death eventually in our lives; be that as it may, some will confront it in considerably more terrible conditions then others. We as a whole reserve a privilege to pick what we need to do with our bodies. We even reserve the option to conclude that we no longer wish to persevere through the agony and enduring of a terminal ailment. Terminal sickness is the point at which somebody is experiencing something that will in the end their life paying little heed to any clinical intercessions. In this paper I will talk about the point in which an individual has an option to choose if they need to bite the dust and what procedures are morally good in supporting them in observing their desires work out as intended. Medication has made more approaches to fix or to limit a person’s experiencing infections that were once deadly or excruciating. Clinical innovation has enabled us to support the lives of patients whose physical and mental abili ties can't be reestablished, whose declining conditions can't be switched, and whose agony can't be disposed of. As medication battles to pull an ever increasing number of individuals from the edge of death, there are supplications for alleviation overflowing from the tormented, crumbled lives that we all be benevolent and give them the help they need. (C Andre, and M Velazquez, KND). At the point when an individual is confronted with an amazing finish, it is said that we ought to concur that the nonattendance of torment and the pride of the individual ought to be taken into incredible thought. At the point when an at death's door individual is not, at this point equipped for scholarly interests, is in consistent torment and should depend on others for the entirety of their needs, Mill feels that it is a progressively stately decision to end the affliction, therefor satisfying the â€Å"absence of pain† guideline (torment including one’s powerlessness to look for higher joy through scholarly interest) (J Conley, April 2010). Specialists are at the focal point ofâ controversies in regards to end of life issues and face such a great amount of examination from the two sides of contradicting gatherings. A few specialists accept that it is alright to help the patient in their desire to end their enduring by just ceasing all lifesaving mediations. Different specialists accept that each exertion must be made to spare the person’s life until there is nothing else left to do. When the specialist has arrived at this point they will put patients under hospice care and the patients are offered prescriptions to treat their torment, for example, morphine. The dosages are in such high sums that the patient is not, at this point intelligible and ready to settle on choices all alone. They will typically lapse inside days following their first does because of how the prescription hinders the heart and relaxing. Supporters of the utilitarian ethic accept that the advantages of helped self destruction exceed the expenses. They contend that helped self destruction permits in critical condition patients to stay away from unnecessary torment and wretchedness in their last days. They accept that it will permit a patient to keep up power over the planning and way of their demise refrains confronting an uncertain course of events and langu ish over what could be far longer and harder than a doctor may give. The utilitarian accepts this would guarantee that they would pass on with a feeling of respect. Post significantly it would protect that an individual’s right to self-self-governance would be regarded toward the finish of life (M. Levin, KND). In the event that you take a gander at the perspectives on a deontologist they would restrict this strategy since deontologists are about obligation. While both deontologists and utilitarian’s would ordinarily do something very similar, Deontologists carry on of obligation, and would settle on their choice just once they see that the patient is on their last leg and can't react for themselves, while the utilitarian carries on of a way to give a feeling of harmony. At the point when you are an utilitarian people may see you as unreasonable and enthusiastic and not take you genuine, while a deontologist may appear to be somewhat unrefined or even wanton. The drawback to being in such a spot to settle on these extreme choices can realize certain issues, for example, people feeling constrained to end their life on account of a m isperception of their determination or visualization; in light of misery; or in view of a worry for the weight they place on others and the exhaustion of their benefits. A few people may feel constrained to end life by childish relatives or guardians. This is the reason it is so significant for the experts to deal with each case as if it is so delicate. Eachâ patient must be completely broke down to ensure that they meet the best possible rules for end of life mediation. Life is tied in with developing and learning, nonetheless, here and there we are constrained to what we can do. This makes little difference to the personal satisfaction and not the slightest bit ought to be utilized in ones choice to take their life nor should specialists take a gander at constraints as a valid justification to end life. The main occasions somebody ought to be permitted to pick demise over life is on the off chance that they can't carry on with an actual existence that is rich and loaded with circumstance notwithstanding their disease. Which means, that the disease is causing a lot of agony or that the sickness in not permitting them to appreciate certain exercises that they typically love doing. At that point and at exactly that point the individual ought to have the option to pick what they need to do. Let me explain this somewhat further. As we get more seasoned we will all in the long run not have the option to appreciate certain exercises that we were used to be ready to, this by itself would not be motivation to need to end your life, on the grounds that your personal satisfaction has not been intruded. What might be a valid justification is an individual limited to a bed, being dealt with twenty-four-seven by a friend or family member or parental figure and specialists have said that the odds of recuperating are not there. We will all gaze intently at death in the face sooner or later. Nonetheless, life isn't tied in with kicking the bucket, however about living. On the off chance that an individual can't carry on with an actual existence rich and full of importance because of a terminal sickness, they reserve the option to decide to live incredible. On the off chance that those rights are encroached upon the individual retention one’s individual rights should confront critical outcomes. Living, all by itself, is a struggle all things considered, yet then to be coloring and living it in torment and enduring would be impossible and progressively insensitive at that point having it finished with the help of a clinical expert on a voluntarily premise. REFERENCES Ituriguy, July 5, 2008. The Decision To End One’s Own Life Is A Fundamental Human Right. Recovered March 10, 2014 from www.opposingviews.com Wikipedia, KND. Utilitarianism. Recovered: March 24, 2014 from www.wikipedia.com C. Andrea and M. Valdez, KND. Helped Suicide: A Right or A Wrong? Recovered: March 24, 2014 from www.scu.edu J. Conley, April 2010. Kantian versus Utilitarian Ethics of Euthanasia. Recovered: March 24, 2014 from www.wp4dying.blogspot.com M. Levine, KND. Doctor ASSISTED SUICIDE: LEGALITY AND MORALITY. Recovered: March 24, 2014, from: www.levinlaw.com

Risk Factors Associated With Teen Violence

Risk Factors Associated With Teen Violence Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Risk Factors Associated With Teen Violence By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on May 12, 2019 Duncan Walker/E/Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Unfortunately, on any given day in cities around the world, you’re likely to find at least one story in the news about a teen behaving violently. Whether its a gang fight or a violent act against a stranger, the reasons behind the violence vary.   Quite often, there are a variety of factors that come together to increase the likelihood that a teen will become violent.   Individual Risk Factors Teens with low IQ, cognitive deficits, or learning disorders are more likely to behave violently. Attention deficit and hyperactivity are also risk factors.A history of abuse and a history of aggressive behavior increase a teen’s risk of behaving violently.Mental health issues and emotional distress play a role in violent behavior. But its important to note that most teens with mental illness do not become violent.Antisocial beliefs and involvement in illegal activityâ€"such as using drugs and alcoholâ€"also increase the chances a teen will become physically aggressive.Historically, males are more likely to engage in physical altercations. However, in recent years, violence perpetrated by females is on the rise. How Mental Illness Often Develops in Adolescence Educational Risk Factors Statistics show that urban schools are twice as likely to report violent crime compared to rural schools.About one-third of schools with over 1,000 students report at least one violent crime annually while less than one-tenth of smaller schools report acts of violence.School departments who report gang and drug activity have higher rates of violence.Students who perform poorly during elementary school are at an increased risk for violent behavior during high school.Teens who drop out of school prior to the age of 15 are more likely to commit acts of violence. Community Risk Factors Communities with substandard housing and economic decline can contribute to teens feeling like society does not care about them and sometimes they express their anger through violence.High transient rates and low community involvement also contribute to a lack of sense of belonging for teens and can lead to increased crime and violence. When teens witness violence in their neighborhoods  or they become victims of violent crimes, they’re much more likely to become offenders. Family Risk Factors Inconsistent discipline, including overly harsh and overly permissive discipline, can cause teens to act out. A lack of supervision also gives teens opportunities to join gangs, use drugs, and engage in antisocial behavior.A lack of emotional attachment to parents or caregivers increases the likelihood that teens will disregard authority.Untreated parental mental illness contributes to unstable home life and the parent-teen relationship which can increase a teen’s risk of aggression.Parents with a lower income and less education are more likely to have teens who engage in violent behavior. Parents who abuse drugs or alcohol also increase a teen’s risk of behaving violently.Childhood abuse and neglect increase  the chances that a teen will commit a violent crime by 38%.Stressful family environments, such as a lack of a father in the home, conflict in the home, or parental role modeling of inappropriate behavior contribute to a teen’s sense of worthlessness which can lead to viol ent behavior. Social Risk Factors When teens have easy access to guns, they are more likely to engage in violence. Guns also increase the chances that violent acts will be fatal.Associating with delinquent peers can increase a teen’s risk of becoming involved in illegal and violent activity.Low involvement in structured activities, like clubs or sports, can play a role in violent behavior.Media portrayals of illegal behavior can desensitize teens to violence. News coverage can lead to teens to feel afraid for their safety, which can encourage them to carry weapons.   Getting Help for a Violent Teen If you see signs of violence, its important to seek immediate help for your teen. Even milder acts of aggression, such as hitting a younger sibling or destroying property on purpose, shouldnt be ignored. Violence can get worse over time if left unaddressed. Talk to your teens doctor if you have concerns. Your teens doctor may recommend treatment with a mental health professional. Treating the behavior now can reduce the chances a troubled teen will become a violent adult.

Smoking In Public Places - Smoking Ban in Iowa Essay

No Smoking at WIT Earlier in the year of 2008 my school stated that there would be no smoking allowed around their campus. This obviously flared up its fair share of supporters and non supporters. Some of the non supporters are asking if it is fair for the college to say what they can and cannot do in a public place. So is it ok for them to say no smoking on campus? I think they have every right to. According to Utilitarianism, when making a decision you should choose the one that results in the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Although there are smokers who attend the college, the number of nonsmokers outweighs them. Therefore, the greatest number of happiness would be brought to those nonsmokers who no†¦show more content†¦By banning smoking around the campus, the college reduces the garbage in and around their campus. Now visitors to the college will not see dirty cigarette butts in the grass or next to the doorways, which makes the college appearance better to first time students and visitors. So, for WIT to say no smoking is OK! However, on the basis of self-interest, the smokers of WIT could fight their point of view. This tells us that each person should do what is in their own best interest, because that is what is most important. Many smokers smoke for the social aspect and the relaxing effects the nicotine has on them, which many college students might benefit from in challenging times. Letting the students smoke around the campus will help the smokers quickly get back to their studies, rather than having to walk or drive away from campus. So the smokers continuing to smoke around campus would be ok. My final argument will be based on the ethics of caring, which states that a person should be aware of the vulnerable, and to make sure they are cared for. So, for WIT to say no smoking around campus is actually helping the smokers as well. By not making smoking at school easy and accessible, it may help smokers qui t! For the smokers to quit will benefit their own health and the health of the other people around them. It is proven that productivity increases and absenteeism decreases among former smokers compared with current smokers. In that case, for WesternShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On The Environment920 Words   |  4 PagesCigarette smoking has affected the environment negatively, as well (Novotny). Discarded cigarette butts can be seen off the streets, sidewalks, beaches, or other open areas (Novotny). Even though a single discarded cigarette filter has minimal impact on the environment, United States had manufactured 1.35 trillion of filtered cigarettes in 2007 and 360 billion of them were consumed (Novotny). According to Ocean Conservancy’s International Coastal Cleanup, these wastes are the most littered and collectedRead More A Proposal to Ban Smoking in Public Areas Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesA Proposal to Ban Smoking in Public Areas Every year, there are over 400,000 smoking-related deaths in the United States. A large percentage of these are due to lung cancer, whose leading cause is smoking. However, not all deaths are smokers themselves. Anyone in the vicinity can fall victim to second hand smoke. These people, through no action of their own, can have their lives threatened. This problem, which plagues all Americans, should have action taken on a local scale to help protectRead MoreThe Smoking Of Public Areas Should Be Absolutely Forbidden2044 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch project on how smoking in public areas should be absolutely forbidden. In today’s modern society in America you are free to participate in activities such as drinking and smoking and that’s very significant to have such a freedom. But the issues that most Americans have including myself is that you should not be allowed to partake in these activities around other people without their consent. Over forty two million people in the United States engage in daily smoking with cigarettes. In 2013Read MoreEssay about Marijuana as a Social Problem1098 Words   |  5 Pagesgrew and encouraged the growth of hemp. George Washington grew hemp as his primary crop in the late 18th century for fiber production at Mount Vernon. Thomas Jefferson grew the plant as a secondary crop at Mon ticello and urged farmers to grow hemp in place of tobacco due to its many useful qualities. Even Benjamin Franklin used cannabis as the raw material to start one of America’s pioneering paper mills. By the mid-19th century, marijuana’s medicinal properties were recognized in North America andRead MoreResearch Project On Smoking Tobacco Cigarettes3740 Words   |  15 Pages Juan Gamez SOC 590 Latino Health Professor Dr. Muà ±oz Research Design Project Introduction Smoking tobacco cigarettes has been recognized as the leading cause of lung cancer and other health related illnesses in the developed world. But there is a new emergence of electronic cigarettes, which can deliver nicotine without the vast range of carcinogens and toxins found in a regular tobacco cigarette. Of course, this is a very controversial topic in which creates a dilemma, someRead MoreWhat Was The Aftermath Of The Provision? After Ab12661648 Words   |  7 Pagestheir privacy in the bathroom has been violated by a transgender person would have the right to sue for no less than $4,000† (Garza). The act also requires that people use the bathroom that matches their birth sex and this includes bathrooms in public places and in government buildings. Norms Kristen Schilt and Laurel Westbrook, sociologists from the University of Chicago and Grand Valley University, describe in their article â€Å"bathroom battlegrounds and penis panics† the underlying logic and mythsRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay1973 Words   |  8 Pagesrecreational marijuana. Currently they are the only two states to legalize recreational marijuana. Twenty states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical marijuana. Iowa, at this time, has decided not to legalize medical marijuana in spite of many Iowa citizens advocating for the legalization of the drug. Iowa is taking a cautious approach to medical marijuana. Medical marijuana has been proven to help with seizures, pain management, nausea and improve the quality of life of people withRead More25 Case Studies with Reaction Paper15531 Words   |  63 Pagesher that Redwood Associates made an effort to accommodate non-smokers by guaranteeing that certain areas of the building be smoke free, but it wasn’t prepared to ban smoking altogether. Not only do smokers have rights, Renford said, it would hurt productivity and morale to make employees leave the building to smoke. â€Å"They should quit smoking†, Darlene rejoined. â€Å"It would be for their own good.† â€Å"Maybe, it would,† said Charles, â€Å"but the company shouldn’t force them to quit. Besides, it is easy for youRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on Society Essay2542 Words   |  11 Pages– encourages players to kill police officers, steal cars and murder prostitutes after engaging in sex with them. Dr. Bruce D. Bartholow, a professor of psychology at the University of Missouri, and Dr. Craig A. Anderson, a psychology professor at Iowa State University, conducted an experiment involving 43 college students ranging from 18-23 years of age. During the experiment, all of the students were exposed to playing either a graphically violent video game or a sports related game, such as golfRead MoreEssay on Framing the User: Social Constructions of Marijuana Users9798 Words   |  40 PagesMarijuana Movement ABSTRACT Social movements are continuously engaged in the act of framing. Whether it is to present their message in a positive light or to cast their opponent’s arguments in a negative light, SMs find it necessary to engage in a public contest over how they are perceived. Although the SM literature has been focusing on questions related to framing it has not given much attention to a particular class of framing â€Å"objects†: that is, users. This is not surprising considering that the

The Between Austria Hungary And The German Empire

In addition to the treaty of London, numerous other treaties and alliances help explain the outbreak of WWI. The Dual Alliance between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire in 1879 ensured a promise of mutual defense if either side was attacked by Russia, and neutrality if attacked by any other nation. Italy joined the Dual Alliance in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance or central powers. Additionally, France formed an alliance with Russia in 1894 and an entente cordiale, or friendship with Britain in 1904. Subsequently, Britain formed an entente with Russia in 1907, effectively forming the Triple Entente. This relationship further exacerbated German fears of encirclement and left if facing a war on two fronts if it attacked or was attacked by one of the members of the Entente. The nations involved perceived these alliances as a form of protection and a deterrent to war. However, as predicted by the spiral mode, it only further increased concerns and decreased trust amongst the belligerents. Additionally, the alliances united the nations together so that, if one country went to war, the others were obligated to honor the alliance and join their partners in war (Tuchman). Consequently, the Austro-Hungarian declaration of war and attack on Serbia caused Russia to enter the war in support of its Slavic ally. This drove France to honor its alliance with Russia and join in war against the Triple Alliance (which Italy subsequently abandoned on the ground that Austria’sShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Franz Ferdinand885 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Ferdinand was the archduke of Austria-Hungary. On June 28, 1914, Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were visiting Sarajevo when the two were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand. After several failed attempts from members of the Black Hand that day, the members were running out of hope. However, due to a communication problem with the driver of Ferdinand and his wife’s car, they were forced to turn around in an alley that Princip was hidden inRead MoreThe Catalyst for the First World War1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthe liability of Germany. Between 1871 and 1914, there are several elements that have contributed to destabilize the balance of European powers. Imperialism adopted by European countries, especially in Africa, the rise of Germany, which build up the development of alliances between States and the expansion of nationalist movements are the main elements. 1) Germany, a new European power The rise of Germany is one of the major elements that increased tensions between European states. Indeed, theRead MoreThe Hidden Agenda of New Imperialism909 Words   |  4 PagesVictoria’s diamond jubilee exhibited the power and wealth that the British Empire possessed to the entire world. Such demonstrations could only be matched by the French, Dutch and Russians which possessed similarly wealthy empires. Evidently, many other nations aspired and envied those wealthy nations because their nations had not conquered large empires. Most noteworthy among these nations were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Japan. These were countries in the making which had yet to possessRead MoreThe Moroccan Crises Of 1905-1906 And 19111466 Words   |  6 Pages1908-1909 had effects on the development of the alliance systems in Europe. In 1905 there was the First Moroccan Crisis in Tangiers, it continued until 1906. The Crisis started when France tried to take over Morocco in 1905, in an effort to expand their empire. However, Germany opposed this so Kaiser Wilhelm II rode through the streets of Tangiers in Morocco on a white horse with a marching band declaring that Germany supported an independent Morocco and that Morocco was entitled to free trade. This thenRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Twentieth Century874 Words   |  4 Pagesautomobiles were created during this time frame. Europe’s powerful countries consolidated in their colonial conquests from earlier decades that balanced their alliances. However, after only a few decades into the twentieth century multiple tensions between the great powers surfaced. These tensions caused the great powers to separate into different alliances and eventually lead to the Great War. Tensions in Europe increased when Germany experienced military and industrial growth, which posed a threatRead More`` Survival Of The Fittest `` By Brower And Sanders873 Words   |  4 PagesWorld in the Twentieth Century, War and Revolutions, Brower and Sanders began our literary journey through the beginnings of The Great War; in June, 1914 Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian Nationalist murdered the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand. His killing quickly initiated a series of events that would soon lead to the start of the First World War (38). History.com says in the Outbreak of World War I, many believed that the Great War came out of nowhere. WhileRead MoreThe Role Of European Nationalism During World War I Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesEast, Asia, and the Pacific Ocean. Large empires, such as Germany, had a strong sense of nationalism, a feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country, often with the belief that it is b etter and more important than other countries. Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands also had a very imperialistic tradition, which caused disagreements are war to break out. Imperialism is the policy of expanding the rule or authority of an empire. These European powers promoted ideas ofRead MoreWas the Habsburg Empire on the point of collapse by 19141344 Words   |  6 PagesWas the Habsburg Empire on the point of collapse by 1914? During the late 19th Century it can be argued that the Habsburg Empire was weakening and by 1914 during the dawn of the First World War it was on the point of collapse this could be due to several intertwining factors such as nationalism or politics. However some historians disagree this view and they would argue that the Empire was indeed becoming stronger. This essay will explore why the Habsburg Empire was on the brink of collapsingRead MoreThe Events Of World War I Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesseparate incidences occurring between the empires that ultimately lead up to war beginning. With many powerful empires on edge and wanting to be the most powerful, they did whatever they could to make this happen. The First World War was not sparked by one event or motive, but in turn was started due to many major factors. The war’s blame can be placed on all of the countries involved, rather than solely Germany. These factors from World War One were the product of each empire and their long-term needsRead MoreEvents Leading up to World War I1291 Words   |  5 Pages(cnparm). The German Army opens an anti-Russian Press campaign on the 11th and 22nd of March, a German newspaper predicts that â€Å"a war, the like of which history has never seen, is approaching† (cnparm). In April, the influential Pan-German League warns that â€Å"France and Russia are preparing for the decisive struggle with Germany and Austria-Hungary and they intend to strike at the first opportunity† (cnparm). â€Å"When May arrives, the last pre-war staff talks take place between German Chief of Staff

What, in your opinion, are the causes of the obesity ‘epidemic’ in the UK Free Essays

Abstract The aim of this essay was to explore the causes of the obesity epidemic in the UK. The prevalence of obesity among children and adults has reached epidemic proportions over the past two decades and is a major public health concern in the UK. The causes of the obesity epidemic are complex and include environmental, behavioral and physiological factors. We will write a custom essay sample on What, in your opinion, are the causes of the obesity ‘epidemic’ in the UK? or any similar topic only for you Order Now These factors influence the balance of energy intake and expenditure. It is crucial for the scientific and policy-making government as well as the public to understand the multidimensional factors, which influence obesity in order to implement the actions needed to reverse the epidemic. 1. Introduction Obesity has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2012) as â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health†. The most frequently used measure of obesity and health is based on the body mass index (BMI), which is a single number that evaluates an individual’s weight in relation to height. Adults with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 are considered obese and those with a BMI equal to or more than 25 kg/m2 are overweight. Obesity increases the risk of a number of chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and cancers (Kopelman, 2007) and therefore is a major public health concern. 2. Overview of the obesity epidemic In the UK, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in the past 20 years (OECD Health Data, 2011). The latest Health Survey for England (HSE, 2010) figures show that 37.3% of adults (aged 16 or over) are overweight and a further 24.5% obese. The prevalence of obesity in children aged 2-10 is similarly alarming by increasing from 10.1% in 1995 to 14.6% in 2010. Recently reported modelling indicates that by 2025 some 40% of the British population could be obese (Foresight, 2007). Because the physiological and psychological consequences of obesity can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, researcher, clinicians and government policymakers have explored a number of different causes that may explain the obesity epidemic. Understanding the causes of obesity has important implications for the actions that are needed to tackle and reverse the epidemic. 3. Causes of the obesity epidemic In simple terms, the cause of obesity is an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure for a period of time, leading to an accumulation of excessive body fat. This energy imbalance is determined by the complex interactions of biology and behavior, set within a cultural, environmental and social framework. An obesity system map (Figure 1) was constructed by Vandenbroeck et al. in 2007 from data from several different research disciplines to represent the most comprehensive view of the determinants of energy balance. Figure 1: A simplified version of the obesity system map (Source: Foresight systems map, 2007) Although the causes for the obesity epidemic are complex and multifaceted, research evidence has identified changes in two main areas of our lifestyles that have driven the obesity epidemic. The first is the level of physical activity in the population (energy expenditure). People are spending more time indoors in front of the computer and TVs and less time outside running around. The second is the quantity and different food types we consume (energy intake). People consume more energy-dense food and eat fewer healthy foods. Both areas of this complex system are greatly influenced by psychosocial factors and the environment in which we live and work. 3.1. Energy expenditure Research has shown that physical activity undertaken in the workplace and in the home has declined significantly in the UK over the past 30 years (Foresight, 2007). For example, in England, the average distance walked and cycled per person per year for transport purposes fell nearly by half in the time period from 1975 to 2003 (Foresight, 2007). The proportion of the population in an occupation requiring substantial physical effort has also reduced (Lobstein and Jackson, 2007). In addition, we are increasingly becoming reliant on work saving devices from washing machines to cars. For example, car use has risen steadily over the past 30 years, which was accompanied by changes in land use patterns to accommodate increased car use (Davis, 2007). Sheldon H Jacobson, a researcher who specializes in statistics and data analysis states in 2011 that the surge in passenger vehicle usage in the US between the 1950 and today correlates with surging levels of obesity. Data from the UK may find a similar association. In the home, physical activity has been displaced by the availability and attractiveness of more sedentary activities such as television and computer games (Pereira, 2005; Biddle, 2010). Evidence suggests that television viewing is a major contributor to the obesity epidemic (Hancox et al., 2004; Viner, 2005; Rey-Lopez et al., 2011). This contribution arises from a combination of sedentary behavior, unhealthy mindless eating habits (Temple et al., 2007) and exposure to TV advertising for palatable, highly processed, energy dense foods (Cairns, 2008; Boyland et al., 2011). Over extended periods, this decrease in physical activity can make a substantial difference to the energy balance (positive energy balance), which results in weight gain. 3.2. Energy intake The hypothesis that people are eating more in their daily life is problematic to measure outside the laboratory and is greatly confounded by under-reporting by obese subjects. However, data from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs study (DEFRA, 2011) suggests that energy intake from food and drink in the UK population has been declining since the 1980 (Figure 2). Figure 2. Trends in average energy intake from food and drink in 2009 (Source: Family Food in 2009, DEFRA This is paradoxical, given that this is the period that has seen the most rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity. However, it has been shown that the type of food has changed. The consumption of cheap fast food and energy-dense food high in fat and/or sugar has increased (Stubbs et al., 1995), whilst more expensive healthy food such as fruit and vegetables has declined. Therefore it is the obligation of policy makers and businesses to ensure that healthy foods are readily available and promoted at affordable prices. This is an essential long term and large-scale commitment to reverse the obesity epidemic. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the coupling between energy intake and energy expenditure is at the heart of the obesity epidemic, both of which are greatly influenced by psychosocial factors and the environment in which we live and work. Currently the evidence points to changes in the level of physical activity and food system, which is producing more processed, affordable, and effectively marketed high-energy food. These changes in my opinion have lead to a positive energy balance causing the obesity epidemic. Policies that encourage and promote physical activities and a change towards healthier food are needed to reverse the epidemic. 5. References Biddle, S., Cavill, N., Ekelund, U., et al. (2010) Sedentary Behaviour and Obesity: Review of the Current Scientific Evidence: Department of Health. Boyland, E.J., Harrold, J.A., Kirkham, T.C., Corker, C., Cuddy, J., Evans, D. (2011) Food commercials increase preference for ?energy-dense foods, particularly in children who watch more television. Pediatrics, 128(1): 93-100. Cairns, G., Angus, K., Hastings, G. (2008) The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children: a review of the evidence to?December 2008. Prepared for the World Health Organization. Geneva: Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling ? The Open University, United Kingdom, 2009. Davis, A., Fergusson, M. and Valsecchi, C. (2007) Linked Crises on the Road to Obesity: Assessing and Explaining the Contribution of Increased Car Travel to UK Obesity and Climate Crises. London: Institute for European Environmental Policy. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, (2011) Food statistics Pocketbook. Foresight (2007) Tackling Obesities: Future Choices, Project Final Report Hancox, R.J., Milne, B.J., Poulton, R. (2004) Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet, 364: 257-62. Kopelman, P. (2007) Health risk associated with Overweight and Obesity. Obesity reviews 8 (Suppl.1), 13-17. Lobstein, T. and Jackson Leach, R. (2007) International Comparisons of Obesity Trends, Determinants and Responses. Evidence Review. Foresight Tackling Obesities: Future Choices. National Statistics. 2010. Health Survey for England (HSE). OECD Health at a Glance 2011. Pereira, M.A., Kartashov, A.I., Ebbeling, C.B. (2005) Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis. Lancet, 365: 36-42. Rey-Lopez, J.P., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Repasy, J., Mesana, M.I., Ruiz, J.R., Ortega, F.B., et al. (2011) Food and drink intake during ?television viewing in adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Public?Health Nutrition, 14(9): 1563-9. Sheldon H Jacobson (5/11/2011) News Bureau, Illinois Stubbs, R.J. et al. (1995) Covert manipulation of dietary fat and energy density: effect on substrate flux and food intake in men eating ad libitum. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62, 316–329. Temple, J.L., Giacomelli, A.M., Kent, K.M., Roemmich, J.N., Epstein, L.H. (2007) Television watching increases motivated responding for?food and energy intake in children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85 (2): 355-61. Vandenbroeck, I. P., Goossens, J. and Clemens, M. (2007) Building the Obesity System Map. Foresight Tackling Obesities: Future Choices. Viner, R.M., Cole, T.J. (2005) Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index. J Pediatrics, 147(4): 429-35. World Health Organisation (May 2012) Fact sheet No 311: Obesity and overweight. How to cite What, in your opinion, are the causes of the obesity ‘epidemic’ in the UK?, Essay examples

Scott Sanders Grub

Table of Contents Introduction The rhetorical situation in Grub Conclusion Work Cited Introduction Prior to writing â€Å"Grub†, Scott Sander was probably inspired by the American lifestyle and especially people from his home state – Indiana. He was disturbed by his community’s inclination towards the unhealthy and wanted to understand why such patterns were quite prevalent. Through the article, the author demystifies a very dangerous trait in his society and may perhaps cause members to question their choices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scott Sander’s Grub specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rhetorical situation in Grub Whenever a situation possesses a series of events, relationships, subjects and objects that cause a disturbance or exigence and if these elements can be altered or fixed through utterance that changes human response then that situation is rhetorical. A rhetor ical situation is composed of three major traits which include exigence, audience and constraints. Exigence is understood as an imperfection that is urgent in nature. In the Grub, the unhealthy eating lifestyle of the author’s community is the exigence. It is a problem that has reached epic proportions because the public is obviously aware of the danger inherent in their food but still chooses to indulge in it. In fact, the author describes the food as â€Å"this dull, this dangerous, this terrible grub?† (Sander, 62). This situation could cause economic losses because society could become lazy, sick and underproductive. Furthermore, it creates a negative image of America to the rest of the world. As he states, tourists may fear visiting such locations because they may not find appropriate foods for them. The situation has been propagated by the belief systems, habits and values of the American people and it can therefore be corrected or modified through discourse or u tterance. The author has used his utterances to try and correct this exigence. In other words, the matter requires positive input from him so that it can be rectified. An audience in any rhetorical situation refers to those people who hear one’s discourse/ utterance and are capable of using that message to modify the exigence. In other words, they can take on a role of change mediators. In â€Å"Grub†, the audience is composed of members of the American society who eat and live unhealthily. If any of these people were to read Scott Sander’s article, they would be prompted to reexamine their core beliefs and might even fight off their inclination towards the grub they like to enjoy every time they are hungry. It should be noted here that a person who just reads the article may not be in a position to alter this unhealthy American lifestyle because that individual is not living it.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, those who are already trapped in that lifestyle have the power to turn it around by listening to the discourse which has disseminated through the article. On the other hand, the audience may also be composed of persons /agents of change or people of influence in the American society. They may be moved by the grave statistics and murky situation to the point of becoming proactive about it. They could form organizations that address the challenge or they could start talking to friends and family about these dangers. Either way, the person will be attempting to modify the exigence through a proactive stance on the matter. Lastly, constraints in any rhetorical situation means those obstacles that may impede the modification of an exigence and they may include the statistics at hand, the belief systems of the audience, the interests involved or even traditions held by them. Constraints need not be treated negatively because sometimes they can be crucial in causing change within the audience if the speaker or the discourse is aware of them and utilizes them to his advantage. These constraints can therefore become tools when the speaker is creative enough. Scott Sanders must confront a series of internal and external constraints in the rhetorical situation. The author is a victim to the very ‘disease’ that he is trying to ‘cure’. He talks about how horrible the food is but still goes on and eats it. He provides an explanation for the problem but never really gives an indication of the solution. It may therefore be difficult for the rhetorical audience to think of the solution on their own and this may impede the correction of the exigence. Also, because eating habits are firmly rooted in the lifestyle of the audience, it may be very difficult to actually cause them to modify these choices. In other words, the traditions and belief systems of the people of Indianapolis may come in the way. These eating preferences are as a result of decades and generations of wrongful habits so they may not necessarily be questioned or altered any time soon (Sander, 62). Conclusion The author Scott Sanders has been prompted to speak out against unhealthy lifestyles because of the danger it poses as seen in the newspaper which provided the report on obesity. The author is part of the exigence because he indulges in this lifestyle and so does everyone else in his community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scott Sander’s Grub specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He is somewhat different from them because he is acutely aware of the dangers of the problem and has provided an explanation for it. He has traced the matter to its roots which is the farming lifestyle and failure to adjust after abandonment of that life. His location of discourse is a newspaper and he is speaking to those who engage in fat enh ancing habits or those who may want to help unhealthy eaters. However, instead of directly calling for change, the author uses his own experiences as a platform for questioning their lifestyle and perhaps changing those around him. Essentially this may be constrained by the traditions of the community as well as his own weaknesses as a healthy example. Work Cited Sander, Scott. Grub ed. Motives for writing. Minneapolis: Milkweed, 1999 This essay on Scott Sander’s Grub was written and submitted by user Andre Cameron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.