The Between Austria Hungary And The German Empire

In addition to the treaty of London, numerous other treaties and alliances help explain the outbreak of WWI. The Dual Alliance between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire in 1879 ensured a promise of mutual defense if either side was attacked by Russia, and neutrality if attacked by any other nation. Italy joined the Dual Alliance in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance or central powers. Additionally, France formed an alliance with Russia in 1894 and an entente cordiale, or friendship with Britain in 1904. Subsequently, Britain formed an entente with Russia in 1907, effectively forming the Triple Entente. This relationship further exacerbated German fears of encirclement and left if facing a war on two fronts if it attacked or was attacked by one of the members of the Entente. The nations involved perceived these alliances as a form of protection and a deterrent to war. However, as predicted by the spiral mode, it only further increased concerns and decreased trust amongst the belligerents. Additionally, the alliances united the nations together so that, if one country went to war, the others were obligated to honor the alliance and join their partners in war (Tuchman). Consequently, the Austro-Hungarian declaration of war and attack on Serbia caused Russia to enter the war in support of its Slavic ally. This drove France to honor its alliance with Russia and join in war against the Triple Alliance (which Italy subsequently abandoned on the ground that Austria’sShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Franz Ferdinand885 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Ferdinand was the archduke of Austria-Hungary. On June 28, 1914, Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were visiting Sarajevo when the two were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand. After several failed attempts from members of the Black Hand that day, the members were running out of hope. However, due to a communication problem with the driver of Ferdinand and his wife’s car, they were forced to turn around in an alley that Princip was hidden inRead MoreThe Catalyst for the First World War1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthe liability of Germany. Between 1871 and 1914, there are several elements that have contributed to destabilize the balance of European powers. Imperialism adopted by European countries, especially in Africa, the rise of Germany, which build up the development of alliances between States and the expansion of nationalist movements are the main elements. 1) Germany, a new European power The rise of Germany is one of the major elements that increased tensions between European states. Indeed, theRead MoreThe Hidden Agenda of New Imperialism909 Words   |  4 PagesVictoria’s diamond jubilee exhibited the power and wealth that the British Empire possessed to the entire world. Such demonstrations could only be matched by the French, Dutch and Russians which possessed similarly wealthy empires. Evidently, many other nations aspired and envied those wealthy nations because their nations had not conquered large empires. Most noteworthy among these nations were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Japan. These were countries in the making which had yet to possessRead MoreThe Moroccan Crises Of 1905-1906 And 19111466 Words   |  6 Pages1908-1909 had effects on the development of the alliance systems in Europe. In 1905 there was the First Moroccan Crisis in Tangiers, it continued until 1906. The Crisis started when France tried to take over Morocco in 1905, in an effort to expand their empire. 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Tensions in Europe increased when Germany experienced military and industrial growth, which posed a threatRead More`` Survival Of The Fittest `` By Brower And Sanders873 Words   |  4 PagesWorld in the Twentieth Century, War and Revolutions, Brower and Sanders began our literary journey through the beginnings of The Great War; in June, 1914 Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian Nationalist murdered the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Franz Ferdinand. His killing quickly initiated a series of events that would soon lead to the start of the First World War (38). History.com says in the Outbreak of World War I, many believed that the Great War came out of nowhere. WhileRead MoreThe Role Of European Nationalism During World War I Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesEast, Asia, and the Pacific Ocean. 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What, in your opinion, are the causes of the obesity ‘epidemic’ in the UK Free Essays

Abstract The aim of this essay was to explore the causes of the obesity epidemic in the UK. The prevalence of obesity among children and adults has reached epidemic proportions over the past two decades and is a major public health concern in the UK. The causes of the obesity epidemic are complex and include environmental, behavioral and physiological factors. We will write a custom essay sample on What, in your opinion, are the causes of the obesity ‘epidemic’ in the UK? or any similar topic only for you Order Now These factors influence the balance of energy intake and expenditure. It is crucial for the scientific and policy-making government as well as the public to understand the multidimensional factors, which influence obesity in order to implement the actions needed to reverse the epidemic. 1. Introduction Obesity has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2012) as â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health†. The most frequently used measure of obesity and health is based on the body mass index (BMI), which is a single number that evaluates an individual’s weight in relation to height. Adults with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 are considered obese and those with a BMI equal to or more than 25 kg/m2 are overweight. Obesity increases the risk of a number of chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and cancers (Kopelman, 2007) and therefore is a major public health concern. 2. Overview of the obesity epidemic In the UK, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in the past 20 years (OECD Health Data, 2011). The latest Health Survey for England (HSE, 2010) figures show that 37.3% of adults (aged 16 or over) are overweight and a further 24.5% obese. The prevalence of obesity in children aged 2-10 is similarly alarming by increasing from 10.1% in 1995 to 14.6% in 2010. Recently reported modelling indicates that by 2025 some 40% of the British population could be obese (Foresight, 2007). Because the physiological and psychological consequences of obesity can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, researcher, clinicians and government policymakers have explored a number of different causes that may explain the obesity epidemic. Understanding the causes of obesity has important implications for the actions that are needed to tackle and reverse the epidemic. 3. Causes of the obesity epidemic In simple terms, the cause of obesity is an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure for a period of time, leading to an accumulation of excessive body fat. This energy imbalance is determined by the complex interactions of biology and behavior, set within a cultural, environmental and social framework. An obesity system map (Figure 1) was constructed by Vandenbroeck et al. in 2007 from data from several different research disciplines to represent the most comprehensive view of the determinants of energy balance. Figure 1: A simplified version of the obesity system map (Source: Foresight systems map, 2007) Although the causes for the obesity epidemic are complex and multifaceted, research evidence has identified changes in two main areas of our lifestyles that have driven the obesity epidemic. The first is the level of physical activity in the population (energy expenditure). People are spending more time indoors in front of the computer and TVs and less time outside running around. The second is the quantity and different food types we consume (energy intake). People consume more energy-dense food and eat fewer healthy foods. Both areas of this complex system are greatly influenced by psychosocial factors and the environment in which we live and work. 3.1. Energy expenditure Research has shown that physical activity undertaken in the workplace and in the home has declined significantly in the UK over the past 30 years (Foresight, 2007). For example, in England, the average distance walked and cycled per person per year for transport purposes fell nearly by half in the time period from 1975 to 2003 (Foresight, 2007). The proportion of the population in an occupation requiring substantial physical effort has also reduced (Lobstein and Jackson, 2007). In addition, we are increasingly becoming reliant on work saving devices from washing machines to cars. For example, car use has risen steadily over the past 30 years, which was accompanied by changes in land use patterns to accommodate increased car use (Davis, 2007). Sheldon H Jacobson, a researcher who specializes in statistics and data analysis states in 2011 that the surge in passenger vehicle usage in the US between the 1950 and today correlates with surging levels of obesity. Data from the UK may find a similar association. In the home, physical activity has been displaced by the availability and attractiveness of more sedentary activities such as television and computer games (Pereira, 2005; Biddle, 2010). Evidence suggests that television viewing is a major contributor to the obesity epidemic (Hancox et al., 2004; Viner, 2005; Rey-Lopez et al., 2011). This contribution arises from a combination of sedentary behavior, unhealthy mindless eating habits (Temple et al., 2007) and exposure to TV advertising for palatable, highly processed, energy dense foods (Cairns, 2008; Boyland et al., 2011). Over extended periods, this decrease in physical activity can make a substantial difference to the energy balance (positive energy balance), which results in weight gain. 3.2. Energy intake The hypothesis that people are eating more in their daily life is problematic to measure outside the laboratory and is greatly confounded by under-reporting by obese subjects. However, data from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs study (DEFRA, 2011) suggests that energy intake from food and drink in the UK population has been declining since the 1980 (Figure 2). Figure 2. Trends in average energy intake from food and drink in 2009 (Source: Family Food in 2009, DEFRA This is paradoxical, given that this is the period that has seen the most rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity. However, it has been shown that the type of food has changed. The consumption of cheap fast food and energy-dense food high in fat and/or sugar has increased (Stubbs et al., 1995), whilst more expensive healthy food such as fruit and vegetables has declined. Therefore it is the obligation of policy makers and businesses to ensure that healthy foods are readily available and promoted at affordable prices. This is an essential long term and large-scale commitment to reverse the obesity epidemic. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the coupling between energy intake and energy expenditure is at the heart of the obesity epidemic, both of which are greatly influenced by psychosocial factors and the environment in which we live and work. Currently the evidence points to changes in the level of physical activity and food system, which is producing more processed, affordable, and effectively marketed high-energy food. These changes in my opinion have lead to a positive energy balance causing the obesity epidemic. Policies that encourage and promote physical activities and a change towards healthier food are needed to reverse the epidemic. 5. References Biddle, S., Cavill, N., Ekelund, U., et al. (2010) Sedentary Behaviour and Obesity: Review of the Current Scientific Evidence: Department of Health. Boyland, E.J., Harrold, J.A., Kirkham, T.C., Corker, C., Cuddy, J., Evans, D. (2011) Food commercials increase preference for ?energy-dense foods, particularly in children who watch more television. Pediatrics, 128(1): 93-100. Cairns, G., Angus, K., Hastings, G. (2008) The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children: a review of the evidence to?December 2008. Prepared for the World Health Organization. Geneva: Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling ? The Open University, United Kingdom, 2009. Davis, A., Fergusson, M. and Valsecchi, C. (2007) Linked Crises on the Road to Obesity: Assessing and Explaining the Contribution of Increased Car Travel to UK Obesity and Climate Crises. London: Institute for European Environmental Policy. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, (2011) Food statistics Pocketbook. Foresight (2007) Tackling Obesities: Future Choices, Project Final Report Hancox, R.J., Milne, B.J., Poulton, R. (2004) Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet, 364: 257-62. Kopelman, P. (2007) Health risk associated with Overweight and Obesity. Obesity reviews 8 (Suppl.1), 13-17. Lobstein, T. and Jackson Leach, R. (2007) International Comparisons of Obesity Trends, Determinants and Responses. Evidence Review. Foresight Tackling Obesities: Future Choices. National Statistics. 2010. Health Survey for England (HSE). OECD Health at a Glance 2011. Pereira, M.A., Kartashov, A.I., Ebbeling, C.B. (2005) Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis. Lancet, 365: 36-42. Rey-Lopez, J.P., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Repasy, J., Mesana, M.I., Ruiz, J.R., Ortega, F.B., et al. (2011) Food and drink intake during ?television viewing in adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Public?Health Nutrition, 14(9): 1563-9. Sheldon H Jacobson (5/11/2011) News Bureau, Illinois Stubbs, R.J. et al. (1995) Covert manipulation of dietary fat and energy density: effect on substrate flux and food intake in men eating ad libitum. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62, 316–329. Temple, J.L., Giacomelli, A.M., Kent, K.M., Roemmich, J.N., Epstein, L.H. (2007) Television watching increases motivated responding for?food and energy intake in children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85 (2): 355-61. Vandenbroeck, I. P., Goossens, J. and Clemens, M. (2007) Building the Obesity System Map. Foresight Tackling Obesities: Future Choices. Viner, R.M., Cole, T.J. (2005) Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index. J Pediatrics, 147(4): 429-35. World Health Organisation (May 2012) Fact sheet No 311: Obesity and overweight. How to cite What, in your opinion, are the causes of the obesity ‘epidemic’ in the UK?, Essay examples

Scott Sanders Grub

Table of Contents Introduction The rhetorical situation in Grub Conclusion Work Cited Introduction Prior to writing â€Å"Grub†, Scott Sander was probably inspired by the American lifestyle and especially people from his home state – Indiana. He was disturbed by his community’s inclination towards the unhealthy and wanted to understand why such patterns were quite prevalent. Through the article, the author demystifies a very dangerous trait in his society and may perhaps cause members to question their choices.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scott Sander’s Grub specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rhetorical situation in Grub Whenever a situation possesses a series of events, relationships, subjects and objects that cause a disturbance or exigence and if these elements can be altered or fixed through utterance that changes human response then that situation is rhetorical. A rhetor ical situation is composed of three major traits which include exigence, audience and constraints. Exigence is understood as an imperfection that is urgent in nature. In the Grub, the unhealthy eating lifestyle of the author’s community is the exigence. It is a problem that has reached epic proportions because the public is obviously aware of the danger inherent in their food but still chooses to indulge in it. In fact, the author describes the food as â€Å"this dull, this dangerous, this terrible grub?† (Sander, 62). This situation could cause economic losses because society could become lazy, sick and underproductive. Furthermore, it creates a negative image of America to the rest of the world. As he states, tourists may fear visiting such locations because they may not find appropriate foods for them. The situation has been propagated by the belief systems, habits and values of the American people and it can therefore be corrected or modified through discourse or u tterance. The author has used his utterances to try and correct this exigence. In other words, the matter requires positive input from him so that it can be rectified. An audience in any rhetorical situation refers to those people who hear one’s discourse/ utterance and are capable of using that message to modify the exigence. In other words, they can take on a role of change mediators. In â€Å"Grub†, the audience is composed of members of the American society who eat and live unhealthily. If any of these people were to read Scott Sander’s article, they would be prompted to reexamine their core beliefs and might even fight off their inclination towards the grub they like to enjoy every time they are hungry. It should be noted here that a person who just reads the article may not be in a position to alter this unhealthy American lifestyle because that individual is not living it.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, those who are already trapped in that lifestyle have the power to turn it around by listening to the discourse which has disseminated through the article. On the other hand, the audience may also be composed of persons /agents of change or people of influence in the American society. They may be moved by the grave statistics and murky situation to the point of becoming proactive about it. They could form organizations that address the challenge or they could start talking to friends and family about these dangers. Either way, the person will be attempting to modify the exigence through a proactive stance on the matter. Lastly, constraints in any rhetorical situation means those obstacles that may impede the modification of an exigence and they may include the statistics at hand, the belief systems of the audience, the interests involved or even traditions held by them. Constraints need not be treated negatively because sometimes they can be crucial in causing change within the audience if the speaker or the discourse is aware of them and utilizes them to his advantage. These constraints can therefore become tools when the speaker is creative enough. Scott Sanders must confront a series of internal and external constraints in the rhetorical situation. The author is a victim to the very ‘disease’ that he is trying to ‘cure’. He talks about how horrible the food is but still goes on and eats it. He provides an explanation for the problem but never really gives an indication of the solution. It may therefore be difficult for the rhetorical audience to think of the solution on their own and this may impede the correction of the exigence. Also, because eating habits are firmly rooted in the lifestyle of the audience, it may be very difficult to actually cause them to modify these choices. In other words, the traditions and belief systems of the people of Indianapolis may come in the way. These eating preferences are as a result of decades and generations of wrongful habits so they may not necessarily be questioned or altered any time soon (Sander, 62). Conclusion The author Scott Sanders has been prompted to speak out against unhealthy lifestyles because of the danger it poses as seen in the newspaper which provided the report on obesity. The author is part of the exigence because he indulges in this lifestyle and so does everyone else in his community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scott Sander’s Grub specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He is somewhat different from them because he is acutely aware of the dangers of the problem and has provided an explanation for it. He has traced the matter to its roots which is the farming lifestyle and failure to adjust after abandonment of that life. His location of discourse is a newspaper and he is speaking to those who engage in fat enh ancing habits or those who may want to help unhealthy eaters. However, instead of directly calling for change, the author uses his own experiences as a platform for questioning their lifestyle and perhaps changing those around him. Essentially this may be constrained by the traditions of the community as well as his own weaknesses as a healthy example. Work Cited Sander, Scott. Grub ed. Motives for writing. Minneapolis: Milkweed, 1999 This essay on Scott Sander’s Grub was written and submitted by user Andre Cameron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Monsoon

Dust and yellow mustard fields. Single file coconut trees lining the muddy edges of rice paddies. Green shoots of rice in watery mud. The grainy edges of the Indian sun. Barefoot men bent under baskets full of sugar cane, walking single file. Heat beating down in wobbled yellow lines. And dust. On a long ride, scenery through the window of a car repeats and reverses itself: India came in flips and flashes, as the big, black car streamed across West Bengal, from Calcutta to the coastal town of Digha. We were still miles away from a summer holiday at the sea-beach. My legs were stuck to each other. Sweat dripped from my collarbone to my waist. Late August in a tropical country emits a feeling of endings. The heat should fade. The monsoon rains sputter. It is the last chance to lie under a fan, draw a picture, have orange biscuits and tea with milk. That summer I had just turned twelve. I played hide and seek and tag on the rooftop of our house in Calcutta in my bare feet. I hiked up my long skirt so I could run faster†¦ and let the skin of my bare legs flash for one extra second. The boys next door would pretend not to watch. And I liked how it made me want to smile. I was young enough to play. I was old enough to play. There was no difference. I spent the ride to Digha hanging out the window. Our parents were behind us somewhere. There were only children in this car, and our driver blasted the radio for us. â€Å"People people everywhere, everywhere, everywhere,† a Bengali rapper spit in English, and we sang along. When we hit the towns and got caught between a cow, a motorcycle, and street vendors with bright plastic baskets, my friend, Amrita, and I had no complaints. We tossed sultry smiles and waved. I had light skin and hair. Amrita had my American sunglasses perched on her narrow sixteen-year-old face. The young men defiantly fixed their eyes on ours. We laughed and ducked down on the hot vinyl seats. The plastic felt like it ... Free Essays on Monsoon Free Essays on Monsoon Dust and yellow mustard fields. Single file coconut trees lining the muddy edges of rice paddies. Green shoots of rice in watery mud. The grainy edges of the Indian sun. Barefoot men bent under baskets full of sugar cane, walking single file. Heat beating down in wobbled yellow lines. And dust. On a long ride, scenery through the window of a car repeats and reverses itself: India came in flips and flashes, as the big, black car streamed across West Bengal, from Calcutta to the coastal town of Digha. We were still miles away from a summer holiday at the sea-beach. My legs were stuck to each other. Sweat dripped from my collarbone to my waist. Late August in a tropical country emits a feeling of endings. The heat should fade. The monsoon rains sputter. It is the last chance to lie under a fan, draw a picture, have orange biscuits and tea with milk. That summer I had just turned twelve. I played hide and seek and tag on the rooftop of our house in Calcutta in my bare feet. I hiked up my long skirt so I could run faster†¦ and let the skin of my bare legs flash for one extra second. The boys next door would pretend not to watch. And I liked how it made me want to smile. I was young enough to play. I was old enough to play. There was no difference. I spent the ride to Digha hanging out the window. Our parents were behind us somewhere. There were only children in this car, and our driver blasted the radio for us. â€Å"People people everywhere, everywhere, everywhere,† a Bengali rapper spit in English, and we sang along. When we hit the towns and got caught between a cow, a motorcycle, and street vendors with bright plastic baskets, my friend, Amrita, and I had no complaints. We tossed sultry smiles and waved. I had light skin and hair. Amrita had my American sunglasses perched on her narrow sixteen-year-old face. The young men defiantly fixed their eyes on ours. We laughed and ducked down on the hot vinyl seats. The plastic felt like it ...

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French Arty of XIXth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

French Arty of XIXth Century - Essay Example From the clothes depicted, I try to make a guess about the period of the paintings, observe the facial expressions carefully to gauge the mood of the subjects and the painter. Paintings of live situations especially fascinate me. Market scenes, dance sequences, party scenes: these bring out the mood of the subjects remarkably well, as compared to inanimate objects, I feel. Of particular interest to me are the paintings by French impressionists. A chance visit to Tate Museum, London created an interest in me for works by French painters. The painting, A Woman o a Bench (1874) by Claude Monet caught my eye and made me feel that I had to carry out some research in this area. The lady sitting gracefully on a bench in the garden seems to be waiting for someone, yet seems so dignified in her waiting. There were hardly any problems faced in Tate Museum, other than the fact that I wanted to see some more paintings by French Impressionists. Next was a visit to the V&AMuseum. The museum is huge, very impressive and a treat for art lovers. Here I found a few paintings by French artists, but not many pertaining to my subject. As the museum concentrates on variety, the collections are vast and range from contemporary to historic exhibits of not only paintings, but sculptures and other works of art. French artists of the nineteenth century do not feature very prominently here. Thus, I was not able to gather much information about my topic of research here. (kindly check with someone who has visited the museum, as I didn't find much online). Next was a visit to The National Gallery. It is a true paradise for art lovers and a great place for Impressionist paintings. There is a formidable collection of paintings by French artists of the nineteenth century depicting the social orders of the period. I will be describing scenes from these paintings in the following paragraphs. Annotated Bibliography Various sources have been used in compiling this report. The annotated bibliography of these sources is given below: 'Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando', 1879. London, The National Gallery. DEGAS, Hilaire-Germain-Edgar 1834 - 1917 French Degas specialised in scenes of contemporary life, including dancers, entertainers and women at their toilette. He was a master of technique, and experimented with various media, including pastel. Degas remains popular today; his changing styles and preoccupations are well represented in the Collection. Degas exhibited from the beginning with the Impressionists in Paris. He was able to follow an independent path; his private income meant that he was not forced to attract buyers. Degas spent most of his life in Paris, abandoning his study of law in 1855 to train with the academic painter Louis Lamothe. In 1855 he studied at the cole des Beaux-Arts. He was in Rome 1856/7, and subsequently often travelled to Italy. He admired Ingres, but soon developed an Impressionist approach, under the influence of Manet, whom he knew well. 'Corner of a Caf-Concert', probably 1878-80. London, The National Gallery. Manet, Edouard was the elder statesman of the Impressionists, but never took part in their exhibitions. He continued to compete in the Salons where he sought approval all his life. His unconventional subject matter of modern life, and his free handling of paint made him an important precursor of

Leadership Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leadership Interview - Essay Example We kept in touch through email, and that is how I contacted them for the interview. X gave me a recommendation on my resume last year, and it was very complimentary. With X, though, you never think that she is giving a compliment just to be nice. There is something very real and genuine about her leadership, and although she didn’t say as much during the interview, I suspect it’s because X doesn’t view nursing leadership as a role to play like an actor: she is just herself, and it works. â€Å"Whereas traditional authority clearly is inherently conservative, the rise of a charismatic leader may well change.† (Ritzer, p. 129). X is not a very conservative leader. In defining effective leadership, there is the problem of defining universal traits in relation to an organizational environment that is built primarily on the differentiation of individuals. That is, research regarding leadership strategies may show that there is no one clear set of characteristics that defines people-oriented leadership like the kind used by X, because there is so much variance in individuals. â€Å"There are no universal traits that predict leadership in all situations. Rather, traits appear to predict leadership in selective situations. Traits predict behavior more in weak situations than in strong situations† (Robbins, 2003, p. 315). X tends to be charismatic and use her naturally attractive personality to get along with clients and coworkers in her position as a nursing leader. This puts a â€Å"fresh spin on the issues, engendering a feeling of hope and even reverence in the charismatic leader’s followers and the public. Innovations and changes intended to improve patient outcomes. These same technological advances require nurses to demonstrate knowledge† (Dawes, 2000). One point that X made during the interview was that technology has changed since we were coworkers, and she stated that it was more important than ever for nurses to be